@article{JF2020b,

title = {Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Hispanic Infant Weight Gain in the First 6 Months},

author = {Plows JF and Berger PK and Jones RB and Yonemitsu C and Ryoo JH and Alderete TL and Bode L and Goran MI

},

doi = {10.1002/oby.22884},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-22},

journal = {Pediatric Obesity},

abstract = {

Abstract

Objective



The aim of this study was to determine whether human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) at 1 month predicted infant weight gain at 6 months and whether associations varied by HMO secretor status.

Methods



Participants were 157 Hispanic mother‐infant pairs. Human milk samples were collected at 1 month. Nineteen individual HMOs were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and secretor status was determined by the presence of 2′‐fucosyllactose or lacto‐N‐fucopentaose (LNFP) I. Infant weight was measured at 1 and 6 months. Path analysis was used to test effects of HMO composition on infant weight gain, adjusting for maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, and infant age, sex, and birth weight.

Results



In the total sample, higher LNFPII predicted lower infant weight gain (g 1 =  −4.1, P  = 0.004); this was observed in both nonsecretor (g 1 =  −3.0, P  = 0.006) and secretor groups (g 1 =  −4.7, P  = 0.014). In the nonsecretor group, higher lacto‐N‐neotetraose (g 1 =  7.6, P  = 0.011) and disialyllacto‐N‐tetraose (g1 =  14.3, P  = 0.002) predicted higher infant weight gain. There were no other associations in the secretor group.

Conclusions



Our data suggest that higher LNFPII in human milk may decrease obesity risk across all infants, whereas higher lacto‐N‐neotetraose and disialyllacto‐N‐tetraose may increase obesity risk in infants of nonsecretors only.

},

keywords = {HMO},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{JF2020,

title = {Associations between human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and eating behavior in Hispanic infants at 1 and 6 months of age},

author = {Plows JF and Berger PK and Jones RB and Yonemitsu C and Ryoo JH and Alderete TL and Bode L and Goran MI},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32621402/},

doi = {10.1111/ijpo.12686},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-03},

urldate = {2020-07-03},

journal = {Pediatric Obesity},

volume = {15},

number = {12},

abstract = {Summary

Background

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are naturally occurring glycans in human breast milk that act as prebiotics in the infant gut. Prebiotics have been demonstrated to suppress appetite in both adults and children. Therefore, HMOs may affect infant eating behaviour.



Objective

To determine if HMOs in breast milk are associated with eating behaviour in Hispanic infants.



Methods

Cross‐sectional analysis of a prospective cohort of Hispanic mother‐infant dyads (1‐month, n = 157; 6‐months, n = 69). Breast milk samples were screened for 19 HMOs using high pressure liquid chromatography, and eating behaviour was assessed using the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (BEBQ). We conducted multiple linear regressions to examine associations between HMOs and BEBQ scores, adjusted for maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, infant sex, birthweight, delivery mode and number of breastfeedings per day. We stratified by HMO secretor status—a genetic determinant of the types of HMOs produced.



Results

At 1 month, LNnT (lacto‐N‐neotetraose; P = .04) was negatively associated with food responsiveness in the total sample, while DFLNT (difucosyllacto‐N‐tetrose; P = .03) and DSLNT (disialyl‐LNT; P = .04) were negatively associated with food responsiveness in secretors only. At 6 months, LSTc (sialyllacto‐N‐tetraose c; P = .01), FLNH (fucosyllacto‐N‐hexaose; P = .03), LNH (lacto‐N‐hexaose; P = .006) and DSLNH (disialyllacto‐N‐hexaose; P = .05) were positively associated with food responsiveness in both the total sample and secretors only.



Conclusions

We found several HMOs that were both positively and negatively associated with infant food responsiveness, which is a measure of drive to eat.},

keywords = {HMO},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32049968,

title = {Human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose links feedings at 1 month to cognitive development at 24 months in infants of normal and overweight mothers},

author = {P K Berger and J F Plows and R B Jones and T L Alderete and C Yonemitsu and M Poulsen and J H Ryoo and B S Peterson and L Bode and M I Goran},

url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228323},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-02-12},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {15},

number = {2},

pages = {e0228323},

abstract = {Infant cognitive development is influenced by maternal factors that range from obesity to early feeding and breast milk composition. Animal studies suggest a role for human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL), on learning and memory, yet no human studies have examined its impact on infant cognitive development relative to other HMOs and maternal factors. To determine the impact of 2'FL from breast milk feeding on infant cognitive development at 24 months of age relative to maternal obesity and breast milk feeding frequency. Hispanic mother-infant pairs (N = 50) were recruited across the spectrum of pre-pregnancy BMI. Breast milk was collected at 1 and 6 months, and feedings/day were reported. Nineteen HMOs were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, with initial interest in 2'FL. Infant cognitive development score was assessed with the Bayley-III Scale at 24 months. Linear regressions were used for prediction, and bootstrapping to determine mediation by 2'FL. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was not related to feedings/day or HMOs, but predicted poorer infant cognitive development (β = -0.31, P = 0.03). Feedings/day (β = 0.34) and 2'FL (β = 0.59) at 1 month predicted better infant cognitive development (both P≤ 0.01). The association of feedings/day with infant cognitive development was no longer significant after further adjustment for 2'FL (estimated mediation effect = 0.13, P = 0.04). There were no associations of feedings/day and 2'FL at 6 months with infant cognitive development. Our findings suggest that maternal factors influence infant cognitive development through multiple means. Though maternal obesity may be a separate negative influence, greater frequency of breast milk feeding at 1 month contributed to infant cognitive development through greater exposure to 2'FL relative to other HMOs. The influence of 2'FL was not significant at 6 months, indicating that early exposure to 2'FL may be a critical temporal window for positively influencing infant cognitive development.},

keywords = {HMO},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid26511224,

title = {Associations between human milk oligosaccharides and infant body composition in the first 6 mo of life},

author = {T L Alderete and A Chloe and B E Brekke and R Knight and L Bode and MI Goran and D A Fields},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-12-01},

journal = {Am J Clin Nutr . },

volume = {102},

number = {6},

pages = {1381--1388},

abstract = {Evidence linking breastfeeding to reduced risk of developing childhood obesity is inconclusive, yet previous studies have not considered variation in specific components of breast milk that may affect early development. We examined whether differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) correlate with infant growth and body composition at 1 and 6 mo of age. Twenty-five mother-infant dyads were recruited from the University Hospital at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Infants were breastfed for 6 mo. Breast-milk and infant measures were obtained at 1 and 6 mo of infant age. HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Relations between HMOs and infant growth and body composition were examined by using multiple linear regression. A priori covariates included maternal prepregnancy body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, and infant age and sex. Higher HMO diversity and evenness at 1 mo were associated with lower total and percentage fat mass at 1 mo. At 1 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was associated with a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03). At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neotetraose was associated with 0.04% higher (P = 0.03) and 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat, respectively. These findings support the hypothesis that differences in HMO composition in mother's milk are associated with infant growth and body composition. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02535637.},

keywords = {breastfeeding, HMO, sugar},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}