2015
House, B T; Shearrer, G E; Miller, S J; Pasch, K E; Goran, M I; Davis, J N
Increased eating frequency linked to decreased obesity and improved metabolic outcomes Journal Article
In: Int J Obes (Lond), vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 136–141, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: diabetes risk, diet
@article{pmid24840081,
title = {Increased eating frequency linked to decreased obesity and improved metabolic outcomes},
author = {B T House and G E Shearrer and S J Miller and K E Pasch and M I Goran and J N Davis},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Int J Obes (Lond)},
volume = {39},
number = {1},
pages = {136--141},
abstract = {We previously reported that more frequent eating in overweight minority youth was linked to lower visceral adiposity and circulating triglycerides. The aim of this study was to examine this issue in more detail by assessing the relationship between eating frequency and adiposity and metabolic disease risk in a cohort of exclusively overweight Hispanic youth. This analysis included 191 overweight (⩾ 85th percentile body mass index (BMI)) Hispanic youth (8-18 years) with the following cross-sectional measures: height, weight, BMI, dietary intake via multiple 24 h recalls, body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, lipids and insulin action (insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response (AIR) and disposition index, a measure of β-cell function) via a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Each eating occasion (EO) was defined as ⩾ 50 calories and ⩾ 15 min from any prior EO. Infrequent eaters (IEs) were classified as any subject who ate <3 EOs on any dietary recall (n = 32), whereas frequent eaters (FEs) always consumed ⩾ 3 EOs (n = 159). Using analyses of covariance, FEs compared with IEs consumed 23% more calories per day (P ⩽ 0.01), ate 40% more often and consumed 19% less calories per EO (P ⩽ 0.01). FEs also exhibited 9% lower BMI Z-scores (P ⩽ 0.01), 9% lower waist circumferences (P ⩽ 0.01), 29% lower fasting insulin (P = 0.02), 31% lower HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment: Insulin Resistance) values (P = 0.02) and 19% lower triglycerides (P ⩽ 0.01), as well as an 11% higher AIR (P = 0.02) and 31% higher disposition index (P=0.01). The following a priori covariates were included: Tanner, sex, body fat and reported energy intake. These findings suggest that increased eating frequency is related to decreased obesity and metabolic disease risk in overweight Hispanic youth, despite increases in energy intake.},
keywords = {diabetes risk, diet},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2014
Cook, L T; O'Reilly, G A; Goran, M I; Weigensberg, M J; Spruijt-Metz, D; Davis, J N
Vegetable consumption is linked to decreased visceral and liver fat and improved insulin resistance in overweight Latino youth Journal Article
In: J Acad Nutr Diet, vol. 114, no. 11, pp. 1776–1783, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: diabetes risk, diet
@article{pmid24685236,
title = {Vegetable consumption is linked to decreased visceral and liver fat and improved insulin resistance in overweight Latino youth},
author = {L T Cook and G A O'Reilly and M I Goran and M J Weigensberg and D Spruijt-Metz and J N Davis},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-01},
journal = {J Acad Nutr Diet},
volume = {114},
number = {11},
pages = {1776--1783},
abstract = {There are limited data on the influence of vegetable consumption on adiposity and metabolic health, specifically nonstarchy vegetables and vegetables that are dark green and deep orange/yellow (also known as nutrient-rich vegetables). Our study examines the relationship between vegetable intake and adiposity, liver fat, and insulin dynamics in overweight Latino youth. This cross-sectional study of 175 overweight (body mass index ≥85th percentile) Latino youth (aged 8 to 18 years), with data collected during 2006-2011, included the following: dietary intake via multiple 24-hour recalls, total body fat via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, adipose tissue distribution and liver fat via magnetic resonance imaging, and insulin dynamics via frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Linear regression and analysis of covariance were used for analysis, with the following a priori covariates: age, sex, energy intake, and total body fat. Participants who consumed the most nonstarchy vegetables (mean intake=1.7±1.0 servings/day) compared with the least (mean intake=0.1±0.1 servings/day) had 44% less liver fat (10.0%±8.5% vs 5.6%±8.7%; P=0.01). Nutrient-rich vegetable intake was positively correlated with insulin sensitivity (r=0.19; P=0.03). Consumers of nutrient-rich vegetables (mean intake=0.3±0.4 servings/day [n=107]), compared with nonconsumers (n=68), had 31% increased insulin sensitivity (1.6±1.6 vs 2.1±1.3×10(â»â´)/min/μU/mL; P=0.03) and 17% less visceral adipose tissue (2.3±0.9 vs 1.9±0.7 L; P=0.01). Consumption of specific vegetable types by overweight Latino youth is associated with positive metabolic outcomes, including reduced visceral and liver fat and risk factors for type 2 diabetes, even when consumed in small quantities. These may be relevant targets for interventions.},
keywords = {diabetes risk, diet},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
House, B T; Cook, L T; Gyllenhammer, L E; Schraw, J M; Goran, M I; Spruijt-Metz, D; Weigensberg, M J; Davis, J N
Meal skipping linked to increased visceral adipose tissue and triglycerides in overweight minority youth Journal Article
In: Obesity (Silver Spring), vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 77–84, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: diabetes risk, diet
@article{pmid23613461,
title = {Meal skipping linked to increased visceral adipose tissue and triglycerides in overweight minority youth},
author = {B T House and L T Cook and L E Gyllenhammer and J M Schraw and M I Goran and D Spruijt-Metz and M J Weigensberg and J N Davis},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-05-01},
journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring)},
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {77--84},
abstract = {To investigate the impact of eating frequency on dietary intake, physical activity (PA), metabolic, and adiposity measures in minority youth. This analysis included 185 overweight (≥85th BMI percentile) Hispanic and African-American youth (8-18 years) with the following cross-sectional measures: height, weight, BMI, dietary intake, body composition, metabolic parameters, PA, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Each eating occasion (EO) was defined as ≥50 calories and ≥15 minutes from any previous EO. Participants were dichotomized based on EOs per 24-h into meal skippers <3 EO (MS; n = 27) or normal/frequent eaters ≥3 EO (NFE; n = 158). ANCOVAs were used to assess dietary intakes, metabolic outcomes, adiposity, and PA between eating frequency groups. MS compared to NFE consumed 24% fewer calories per 24-h (P ≤ 0.01), 21% more calories per EO (P ≤ 0.01), ate 40% less often (P ≤ 0.01), had 18% higher triglycerides (P = 0.03), and 26% more VAT (P = 0.03), with no differences in PA. Although meal skipping was associated with decreased energy intake, it was linked to increased calories per EO and higher triglycerides and VAT, which are strong indicators of deleterious metabolic profiles. These findings elucidate that meal skipping may be associated with increased VAT and related metabolic diseases in high-risk minority youth.},
keywords = {diabetes risk, diet},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2013
Schembre, S M; Wen, C K; Davis, J N; Shen, E; Nguyen-Rodriguez, S T; Belcher, B R; Hsu, Y W; Weigensberg, M J; Goran, M I; Spruijt-Metz, D
Eating breakfast more frequently is cross-sectionally associated with greater physical activity and lower levels of adiposity in overweight Latina and African American girls Journal Article
In: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 275–281, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: diabetes risk, diet, pediatric obesity
@article{pmid23803890,
title = {Eating breakfast more frequently is cross-sectionally associated with greater physical activity and lower levels of adiposity in overweight Latina and African American girls},
author = {S M Schembre and C K Wen and J N Davis and E Shen and S T Nguyen-Rodriguez and B R Belcher and Y W Hsu and M J Weigensberg and M I Goran and D Spruijt-Metz},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-00-01},
journal = {Am. J. Clin. Nutr.},
volume = {98},
number = {2},
pages = {275--281},
abstract = {Eating breakfast is believed to promote a healthy body weight. Yet, few studies have examined the contribution of energy balance-related behavioral factors to this relation in minority youth. We assessed the associations between breakfast consumption and dietary intake, physical activity (PA), and adiposity before and after accounting for energy intake and PA in minority girls. Cross-sectional data were obtained on body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (measured by BodPod), dietary intake (measured with 3-d dietary records), and PA (measured with 7-d accelerometry) from 87 Latina and African American girls 8-17 y of age (75% Latina, 80% overweight). Dietary records were used to categorize girls as more frequent breakfast eaters (MF; 2 or 3 of 3 d; n = 57) or less frequent breakfast eaters (LF; 0 or 1 of 3 d; n = 30). Chi-square tests, ANCOVA, and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Mediation was assessed with a Sobel test. Compared with the MF group, the LF group spent 30% less time (12.6 min/d) in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA; P = 0.004) and had a higher percentage body fat (P = 0.029). MVPA accounted for 25% (95% CI: -8.8%, 58.1%; P = 0.139) of the relation between breakfast consumption and percentage body fat. We were unable to show that energy intake or MVPA was a significant mediator of the relation between breakfast consumption and adiposity in this sample. Evidence suggests that among predominantly overweight minority girls, MVPA, but not energy intake, was associated with both breakfast consumption and adiposity; however, a lack of power reduced our ability to detect a significant mediation effect. Other unobserved variables likely contribute to this relation.},
keywords = {diabetes risk, diet, pediatric obesity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}