2015
O'Reilly, Gillian A; Belcher, Britni R; Davis, Jaimie N; Martinez, Lauren T; Huh, Jimi; Antunez-Castillo, Luz; Weigensberg, Marc; Goran, Michael I; Spruijt-Metz, Donna
Effects of high-sugar and high-fiber meals on physical activity behaviors in Latino and African American adolescents Journal Article
In: Obesity (Silver Spring), vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 1886–1894, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: brain, fibre, sugar
@article{pmid26256555,
title = {Effects of high-sugar and high-fiber meals on physical activity behaviors in Latino and African American adolescents},
author = {Gillian A O'Reilly and Britni R Belcher and Jaimie N Davis and Lauren T Martinez and Jimi Huh and Luz Antunez-Castillo and Marc Weigensberg and Michael I Goran and Donna Spruijt-Metz},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-01},
journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring)},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {1886--1894},
abstract = {This crossover experimental study examined the acute effects of high-sugar/low-fiber (HSLF) vs. low-sugar/high-fiber (LSHF) meals on sedentary behavior (SB) and light-plus activity (L+) in minority adolescents with overweight and obesity. 87 Latino and African American adolescents (mean age = 16.3 ± 1.2 years, mean BMI z-score = 2.02 ± 0.52, 56.8% Latino, 51.1% male) underwent two experimental meal conditions during which they consumed HSLF or LSHF meals. Physical activity and SB were measured using accelerometers, and blood glucose and insulin were collected every 30 minutes over 5 hours. Mixed models were used to examine the temporal trends of SB and L+, whether the temporal trends of SB and L+ differed by meal condition, and the influence of blood glucose and insulin on the activity behaviors. SB and L+ fluctuated over time during the HSLF condition but were stable during the LSHF condition. SB and L+ were influenced by the blood glucose response to the HSLF meals. Insulin did not influence SB or L+ in either meal condition. Sugar and fiber content of meals can have differing acute impacts on activity behaviors in minority adolescents with overweight and obesity, possibly due to differing metabolic responses.},
keywords = {brain, fibre, sugar},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hsu, T M; Konanur, V R; Taing, L; Usui, R; Kayser, B D; Goran, M I; Kanoski, S E
Effects of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup consumption on spatial memory function and hippocampal neuroinflammation in adolescent rats Journal Article
In: Hippocampus, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 227–239, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: brain, sugar
@article{pmid25242636,
title = {Effects of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup consumption on spatial memory function and hippocampal neuroinflammation in adolescent rats},
author = {T M Hsu and V R Konanur and L Taing and R Usui and B D Kayser and M I Goran and S E Kanoski},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-02-01},
journal = {Hippocampus},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {227--239},
abstract = {Excessive consumption of added sugars negatively impacts metabolic systems; however, effects on cognitive function are poorly understood. Also unknown is whether negative outcomes associated with consumption of different sugars are exacerbated during critical periods of development (e.g., adolescence). Here we examined the effects of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup-55 (HFCS-55) intake during adolescence or adulthood on cognitive and metabolic outcomes. Adolescent or adult male rats were given 30-day access to chow, water, and either (1) 11% sucrose solution, (2) 11% HFCS-55 solution, or (3) an extra bottle of water (control). In adolescent rats, HFCS-55 intake impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory in a Barne's maze, with moderate learning impairment also observed for the sucrose group. The learning and memory impairment is unlikely based on nonspecific behavioral effects as adolescent HFCS-55 consumption did not impact anxiety in the zero maze or performance in a non-spatial response learning task using the same mildly aversive stimuli as the Barne's maze. Protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6, interleukin 1β) was increased in the dorsal hippocampus for the adolescent HFCS-55 group relative to controls with no significant effect in the sucrose group, whereas liver interleukin 1β and plasma insulin levels were elevated for both adolescent-exposed sugar groups. In contrast, intake of HFCS-55 or sucrose in adults did not impact spatial learning, glucose tolerance, anxiety, or neuroinflammatory markers. These data show that consumption of added sugars, particularly HFCS-55, negatively impacts hippocampal function, metabolic outcomes, and neuroinflammation when consumed in excess during the adolescent period of development.},
keywords = {brain, sugar},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Insulin sensitivity and brain reward activation in overweight Hispanic girls: a pilot study Journal Article
In: Pediatr Obes, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 30–36, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: brain, diabetes risk
@article{pmid24357646,
title = {Insulin sensitivity and brain reward activation in overweight Hispanic girls: a pilot study},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-02-01},
journal = {Pediatr Obes},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {30--36},
abstract = {Insulin resistance is a link between obesity and the associated disease risk. In addition to its role as an energy regulatory signal to the hypothalamus, insulin also modulates food reward. To examine the relationship of insulin sensitivity (SI) and fasting insulin with cerebral activation in response to food and non-food cues in children. Twelve overweight Hispanic girls (age: 8-11) participated in two study visits, a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and a functional neuroimaging session (GE HDxt 3.0Tesla) with visual stimulation tasks. Blocks of images (high calorie [HC], low calorie [LC] and non-food [NF]) were presented in randomized order. Comparing HC with NF, SI was inversely associated with activation in the anterior cingulate (r(2) = 0.65; P < 0.05), the insula (r(2) = 0.69; P < 0.05), the orbitofrontal cortex (r(2) = 0.74; P < 0.05), and the frontal and rolandic operculum (r(2) = 0.76; P < 0.001). Associations remained significant after adjustment for body mass index. Association of fasting insulin and cerebral activation disappeared after adjustment for waist circumference. In addition to weight loss, insulin sensitivity may pose an important target to regulate neural responses to food cues in the prevention of excessive weight gain.},
keywords = {brain, diabetes risk},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}